Diese sollten die Besiedlung der Weißen zulassen und im Gegenzug Schutz durch deutsche Truppen erhalten. Dabei handelte sich vor allem um die Stämme der Herero und Ovambo, deren Nachfahren auch heute noch in Namibia leben. Er war Führer der SWAPO. Being the only German colony in Africa considered suitable for white settlement at the time,[9] Namibia attracted an influx of German settlers. These tragic events, known as the Herero and Namaqua Genocide, resulted in the death of between 24,000 and 65,000 Herero (estimated at 50% to 70% of the total Herero population) and 10,000 Nama (50% of the total Nama population). Der Kolonialismus (lat. From Adolf Luederitz to Sam Nujoma", Address by the Right Honourable Nahas Angula MP, Prime minister of the Republic of Namibia on the occasion of the official inauguration of the SADC Tribunal House Windhoek 18 November 2005, United Nations Transition Assistance Group, "The Gathering Storm? Als letztes afrikanisches Land erreichte Namibia erst am 21. Jahrhundert; What is radiation? First they resided in Kaokoland, but in the middle of the 19th century some tribes moved farther south and into Damaraland. In 1894 major Theodor Leutwein was appointed governor of German South West Africa. clock. Es kam zu schweren Aufständen, die von den Deutschen niedergeschlagen wurden. [26] Findings of Stone Age weapons and tools are further proof that a long time ago early humans already hunted the wild animals of the region. In 1959, the colonial forces in Windhoek sought to remove black residents further away from the white area of town. Die politische Verwaltung lag also in den Händen der Südafrikaner, die eine Politik der Apartheid verfolgten. In 1903 there were 3,700 Germans living in the area, and by 1910 their number had increased to 13,000. "Images of History and the Nation: Namibia and Zimbabwe compared. Vekuii Rukoro und der Parlamentsabgeordneten und Namavertreterin Ida Hoffmann beim Bundespräsidialamt den Appell … The land reform has been slow, mainly because Namibia's constitution only allows land to be bought from farmers willing to sell. The defence pact allowed Angolan troops to use Namibian territory when attacking UNITA. In 1998, with one year until the scheduled presidential election when Sam Nujoma would not be allowed to participate in since he had already served the two terms that the constitution allows, SWAPO amended the constitution, allowing three terms instead of two. This resulted in warfare between the Herero and the Oorlams as well as between the two of them and the Damara, who were the original inhabitants of the area. Only a few of them managed to escape into neighbouring British territories. Im Ersten Weltkrieg wurde das Gebiet 1915 von Truppen der Südafrikanischen Union erobert, unter deren Militärverwaltung gestellt und 1919 gemäß de… Diamond production continues to be a very important part of Namibia's economy. Überblick über Namibia. Namibia Informationen Geschichte Kolonialzeit (D), unabhängig seit 21. With their horses and guns, the Afrikaners proved to be militarily superior and forced the Herero to give them cattle as tribute. While having complex flora and fauna, it is a fragile and sparsely covered environment unsuitable for pastoral or agricultural activities. [ © "Das Buch von unseren Kolonien" von Ottomar Beta / gemeinfrei ]. [29] Dritter Präsident Namibias ist seit 2015 Hage Gottfried Geingob. Die UN unterstützte die SWAPO. The last group of people today considered indigenous that arrived in Namibia were the Basters; descendants of Boer men and African women (mostly Nama). One of the first European groups to show interest in Namibia were the missionaries. On 1 March 1994, the coastal enclave of Walvis Bay and 12 offshore islands were transferred to Namibia by South Africa. Dies wurde auch in Namibia spürbar (das damals noch nicht Namibia hieß). Descendants of Lothar von Trotha apologized to six chiefs of Herero royal houses for the actions of their ancestor on 7 October 2007. Im 17. Doch sowohl die Herero als auch die Nama mussten erkennen, dass dies nur vorgeschobene Gründe waren. The German forces guarded every water source and were given orders to shoot any adult male Herero on sight. Herero language, a language of the Bantu family (Niger-Congo group). In the 1830s Jonker Afrikaner concluded an agreement with the Nama chief Oaseb whereby the Oorlams would protect the central grasslands of Namibia from the Herero who were then pushing south. From 1884, Namibia was a German colony: German South West Africa. (UN Commissioner N°4 Bernt Carlsson was not present at the signing ceremony. "Die Schatten der Vergangenheit": Kolonialzeit und Geschichtspolitik in Bernhard Jaumanns Namibia-Krimis. In the period, four UN Commissioners for Namibia were appointed. Dieser ist aber eng mit der südafrikanischen Währung Rand verbunden, da auch beide Länder wirtschaftlich eng miteinander verbunden sind. "From Labour Elites to Garveyites: West African Migrant Labour in Namibia, 1892–1925.". The residents protested and the subsequent killing of eleven protesters spawned a major Namibian nationalist following and the formation of united black opposition to South African rule. 51. [26] Former UN Commissioner N°2 and now UN Special Representative Martti Ahtisaari arrived in Windhoek in April 1989 to head the UN Transition Assistance Group's (UNTAG) mission.[19]. The calmer situation in Angola has made it possible for many of them to return to their home with the help of UNHCR, and in 2004 only 12,600 remained in Namibia. The Tripartite Accord, comprising a bilateral agreement between Cuba and Angola, and a tripartite agreement between Angola, Cuba and South Africa whereby South Africa agreed to hand control of Namibia to the United Nations, were signed at UN headquarters in New York City on 22 December 1988. In the beginning of the war the Herero, under the leadership of chief Samuel Maharero had the upper hand. They were able to do this since SWAPO had a two-thirds majority in both the National Assembly of Namibia and the National Council, which is the minimum needed to amend the constitution. South Africa agreed to cooperate in achieving the implementation of Resolution 435. 1; Kommentaar ; Wouter. Mitglied der Vereinten Nationen und ebenfalls Mitglied im Commonwealth of Nations. Sie war das Zeitalter, in der die europäischen Länder Frankreich, Großbrittanien, das Deutsche Reich, Italien und Russland, aber auch asiatische Länder in einen Konkurrenzkampf gerieten, der auf der Errichtung von Kolonien basierte. The WCG's efforts led to the presentation in 1978 of Security Council Resolution 435 for settling the Namibian problem. The Basters settled in central Namibia, where they founded the city Rehoboth. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison shortly beforehand) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state.[21]. South African foreign minister, Pik Botha, and an official delegation of 22 had a lucky escape. This counter-insurgency unit was formed by South Africa after the adoption of UNSCR 435, and was not, therefore, mentioned in the Settlement Proposal or related documents. In a 1971 advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice upheld UN authority over Namibia, determining that the South African presence in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa therefore was obliged to withdraw its administration from Namibia immediately. Bereits in den 70er-Jahren hatten sich hanseatische Handelshäuser an der Küste Westafrikas neben britischen Firmen eine führende Position erobert. Being settled people they had an economy based on farming, cattle and fishing, but they also produced metal goods. Im 15. Intense diplomatic activity characterized the next 7 months, as the parties worked out agreements to bring peace to the region and make possible the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 435 (UNSCR 435). Dat dwangarbeid gunstige gevolge kan hê, blyk uit 'n koerantberig in 2009: "The slow pace of work on Namibia's new southern railway" word gekontrasteer met "the lightning speed by which a similar line had been constructed between 1905 and 1906" (p 352). In June 1989, the Special Representative told the Administrator-General that this behavior was totally inconsistent with the settlement proposal, which required the police to be lightly armed. Armed with guns, the Oorlams caused instability as more and more came to settle in Namaqualand and eventually conflict arose between them and the Nama. 1797 erste Besetzung durch Truppen des Königreichs Großbritannien. Im November 1989 hatten zuvor die ersten freien Wahlen stattgefunden, bei denen die SWAPO 57 Prozent der Stimmen erhielt. Die Opposition kritisierte seine Politik. Dieser ist aber eng mit der südafrikanischen Währung Rand verbunden, da auch beide Länder wirtschaftlich eng miteinander verbunden sind. The people of Namibia have every reason to be proud of these fourteen years of independence. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Jahrhundert kamen Bantus, Hirtenvölker aus Zentral- und Ostafrika, in den Norden des heutigen Namibia. Sie erbauten eine Stadt, die dem Wind stark ausgesetzt war und die man deshalb als "windiges Eck" bezeichnete. The Koevoet issue had been one of the most difficult UNTAG faced. Vor 125 Jahren hissten deutsche Siedler die Fahne des Kaiserreichs in der Bucht Angra Pequena, fortan bekannt als Lüderitz-Bucht. [25] The Ovambo, and the smaller and closely related group Kavango, lived in northern Namibia, southern Angola and, in the case of the Kavango, western Zambia. While that problem was resolved, minor disturbances in the north continued throughout the transition period. Negotiations after 1978 focused on issues such as supervision of elections connected with the implementation of the settlement proposal. Referat oder Hausaufgabe zum Thema referat kolonialismus namibia. Under the growing international pressure to legitimize its annexation of Namibia, South Africa established in 1962 the ‘Commission of Enquiry into South West Africa Affairs’, better known as the Odendaal commission, named after Frans Hendrik Odendaal, who headed the commission. In 1793 the Dutch authority in the Cape decided to take control of Walvis Bay, since it was the only good deep-water harbour along the Skeleton Coast. In 1811 they founded the town Bethanie in southern Namibia, where they built a church, which was long considered to be Namibia's oldest building,[5] before the site at ǁKhauxaǃnas which pre-dates European settlement was recognised. At its peak in 2001 there were over 30,000 Angolan refugees in Namibia. There was only one other candidate, Mishake Muyongo of the DTA.[24]. The history of Namibia has passed through several distinct stages from being colonised in the late nineteenth century to Namibia's independence on 21 March 1990. To cope with the situation, Germany sent 14,000 additional troops who soon crushed the rebellion in the Battle of Waterberg in 1904. In May 1988, a US mediation team – headed by Chester A. Crocker, US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs – brought negotiators from Angola, Cuba, and South Africa, and observers from the Soviet Union together in London. Shares 0 Facebook 0 Tweet 0 Pin 0 Print 0 Email 0 LinkedIn 0. Forces of the Namibian government struck back and arrested a number of alleged CLA supporters. A further 400 such personnel were demobilized on 30 October. Man beschloss das Land Namibia zu nennen, nach der Wüste Namib an der Küste des Landes. The Namib is partly rocky and partly (in the central stretch) dunes. Under the leadership of the tribal chief Hendrik Witbooi, the Namaqua put up a fierce resistance to the German occupation. Hifikepunye Pohamba wurde 2005 Nachfolger von Nujoma. Although the South African government wanted to incorporate South West Africa into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto 'fifth province', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa. South African foreign minister, Pik Botha, announced on 28 September 1989 that 1,200 ex-Koevoet members would be demobilized with effect from the following day. This followed three years of bilateral negotiations between the two governments and the establishment of a transitional Joint Administrative Authority (JAA) in November 1992 to administer the 780 km2 (300 sq mi) territory. They launched a joint diplomatic effort to bring an internationally acceptable transition to independence for Namibia. Mit einer Fläche von 835.100 km² war es ungefähr anderthalbmal so groß wie das Deutsche Kaiserreich. Eine. Der erste Präsident Namibias war Dr. Sam Nujoma. ", Kössler, Reinhart. Namibia also intervened in the Second Congo War, sending troops in support of the Democratic Republic of Congo's president Laurent-Désiré Kabila. [22] The transition from the 15-year rule of President Sam Nujoma to his successor, Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly.[23]. The Caprivi conflict was an armed conflict between the Caprivi Liberation Army (CLA), a rebel group working for the secession of the Caprivi Strip, and the Namibian government. Er war Führer der SWAPO. Second was Ben Ulenga from the Congress of Democrats (COD), that won 10.49% of the votes. The settlers were encouraged by the government to expropriate land from the natives, and forced labour – hard to distinguish from slavery – was used. While previously the contract work force was seen as "primitive" and "lack[ing] political consciousness", the summer 1971/72 saw a general strike of 25% of the entire working population (13,000 people), starting in Windhoek and Walvis Bay and soon spreading to Tsumeb and other mines. ", Lyon, William Blakemore. The Caprivi conflict has led to the longest[30] and largest[31] trial in the history of Namibia, the Caprivi treason trial. Von ihnen sind 50 Prozent Lutheraner, 20 Prozent Katholiken, 5 Prozent Mitglieder der Niederländischen Reformierten Kirche und 5 Prozent Anglikaner. Aus Deutsch-Südwestafrika wird Namibia Für Namibia endete die Kolonialzeit erst vor 20 Jahren: Als letztes Land auf dem Kontinent wurde das ehemalige "Deutsch-Südwest", seit … Nujoma was succeeded as President of Namibia by Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005. Die Nachbarstaaten sind Namibia, Botswana, Simbabwe, ... 1652 beginnende niederländische Kolonialzeit. The civil war in Angola had a limited impact on Namibians living in the north of the country. Deine Hausaufgaben, Facharbeiten & Interpretationen sind uns etwas wert! Das Schutzgebiet umfasste nun mit Deutsch-Südwestafrika, dem heutigen Namibia, seine endgültigen Grenzen. Sam Nujoma was reelected as president in 1999, winning the election, that had a 62.1% turnout with 76.82%. Gegen Ende des 15. In 1884 Bismarck did so, thereby establishing German South West Africa as a colony (Deutsch-Südwestafrika in German). To escape, the Herero retreated into the waterless Omaheke region, a western arm of the Kalahari Desert, where many of them died of thirst. Erst 1966 hob die UN dieses Mandat wieder auf. Auch die aus dem Süden stammenden Nama zogen nach Namibia. The Nama only settled in southern Africa and southern Namibia during the first century B.C. 1487: Landung von Bartolomeu Diaz beim heutigen Lüderitz 1884: Lüderitz wird zum Teil des Deutschen Reiches erklärt 1910: Sperrgebiet zwischen Lüderitz und dem Oranje-Fluss (Diamantvorkommen) 1914: Beginn des ersten Weltkriegs →->Ende von Deutsch-Südwestafrika 1920: Völkerbund