It is commonly referred to as the conditional operator, inline if (iif), or ternary if. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. I added some more information about that in the middle paragraph. :) Score: 3.9/5 (877 votes) Introduction The conditional operator is an operator used in C and C++ (as well as other languages, such as C#). condition ? He agrees on the value of test meaning false. Do you know what nested actually means? This is a guess. Suppose int is a 32 bit, four byte type, and double is the common 64 bit, 8 byte, IEE754 representation, and that an all-bits-zero is used for 0.0. These decisions are nothing but condition statements that are similar to if and else. C language has many different types of operators, which help the programmer in instructing the compiler to perform various different operations on the given set of data. The 5 and the 6 are evaluated for side-effects — but there are no side-effects so they are effectively discarded. Sometimes it does what nobody expects (Nice Comment by David Schwartz). if no, then dont write the code like that. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. My test gives the result I would expect, not at all random: @MarkRansom That's how Undefined Behavior is. The above program can be rewritten using the ternary operator as shown below. There are following three types of operators in C language. Most of the research articles claimed … Ab C# 7.2 kann eine lokale ref-Variable oder eine schreibgeschützte lokale ref-Variable mit dem bedingten ref-Ausdruck bedingt zugewiesen werden.Beginning with C# 7.2, a ref local or ref readonly local variable can be assigned conditionally with the conditional ref expression. Let's consider a minor variant of the original code as follows, which exercises both the 'true' and 'false' parts of the ternary operator (in two separate statements — though I could have made a function and passed arguments to that instead): Remember, the comma operator has even lower precedence than the assignment operator, so that you can, if you wish, write code such as: and there are three assignments in the body of the if statement. E2 : E3 has a type. The ternary operator take three arguments: The first is a comparison argument Operators are special symbols that do some predefined task on the operands. Sometimes it does what nobody expects. Is the bullet train in China typically cheaper than taking a domestic flight? rev 2021.1.8.38287, Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Programming & related technical career opportunities, Recruit tech talent & build your employer brand, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Do you think having no exit record from the UK on my passport will risk my visa application for re entering? Colleagues don't congratulate me or cheer me on when I do good work. Unknown behaviour while typecasting a float to an int. ), Although this is only another writing for the. It is working fine with %f. They are used to performing operations like arithmetic, logical, etc. your coworkers to find and share information. Printing all narcisistic numbers at one digit which given by the user. 20 : 30 (exp1 ? The important use of a ternary operator decreases the number of lines of code and increases the performance of the application. The observed behaviour is dependent on the compiler and machine you're using. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Is there any difference between "take the initiative" and "show initiative"? Example 1: C# Ternary Operator using System; namespace Conditional { class Ternary { public static void Main(string[] args) { int number = 2; bool isEven; isEven = (number % 2 == 0) ? What is the term for diagonal bars which are making rectangular frame more rigid? This question gives the strong impression of being a homework assignment. The ternary operator follows language rules to decide the type of its result. can you spell the logic in simple English? Using %d to print a float value invokes undefined behavior. You should be compiling with similar options to avoid problems in your own code. Its syntax is. Most likely, your platform passes floating point values in a floating point register and integer values in a different register (or on the stack). value_1 : value_2; So, ternary operator has three operands. int and float aren't. Why was there a man holding an Indian Flag during the protests at the US Capitol? By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. E2 : E3, there are four types involved. The ternary operator in C sharp is a decision-making operator and it substitutes if-else statement in C sharp programming language. :) is a very useful operator, which is very similar to if-else statements. More precisely, the float value undergoes one more. Let’s take a quick look at using this simple operator, using some illustrative examples! if we enter four numbers to check and comparing each other and it returns lowest number after comparing. The main advantage of using ternary operator is to reduce the number of lines of code and improve the performance of application. Here is another example of ternary operator in C language, He agrees on fvalue beeing a float and 0 an integer. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Ternary Operator in C++. true : false ; Console.WriteLine(isEven); } } } Also the argument is, Podcast 302: Programming in PowerPoint can teach you a few things, Divide a number by 3 without using *, /, +, -, % operators, Where does the argument go when passed to a function having no declaration for parameters, Storage of variables and dereferencing them. Those could be different sizes, stored in different places, and so on, which would make it impossible to generate sane code to handle both possible result types. Now, exp1 is like 1!=1 (condition is false). For instance if you add together an int and float, the int operand is converted to float. And then printf pulls out garbage from those four bytes, rather than zero bits from the double value. b : c evaluates to b if the value of a is true, and otherwise to c. One can read it aloud as "if a then b otherwise c". Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and The return type depends on expression2 and also on the convertibility of expression3 to expression2. If F is a field, the function (, , ) = + is an example of a ternary operator on F.Properties of this ternary operation have been used to define planar ternary rings in the foundations of projective geometry.. You are putting yourself at risk of downvotes by people who fight for the recognition of C and C++ as separate languages. In C Programming, ternary operator allows executing different code depending on the value of a condition. This means you can falsely say "print me an integer" and pass an float without the compiler noticing. Ternary Operator in C. If any operator is used on three operands or variable is known as Ternary Operator. and the : which does not occur after the :. Let's add some parentheses — the correct set of parentheses as the compiler interprets the code: The condition a > b controls whether 1, 2, 3 or 2 is evaluated, and the result is assigned to c. The result of 1, 2, 3 is 3, so if a > b, the value assigned is 3 (as in the question), and if a <= b, the value assigned is 2. Unary Operators; Binary Operators; Ternary Operators; Unary Operators Moreover you can also find useful implementations of nested ternary operators in C#. If I knock down this building, how many other buildings do I knock down as well? And, if … rev 2021.1.8.38287, Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Programming & related technical career opportunities, Recruit tech talent & build your employer brand, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, I think the expectation was that, because. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Because you are using %d for printing a float value. This is a guess. Ternary Operator in C Explained Programmers use the ternary operator for decision making in place of longer if and else conditional statements. Perhaps you are talking about "implicit conversion". If the user entered value is 18 or above, the C Programming will print the first statement after the ? Otherwise, the value is 0. (1, 2, 3) : 2), so it will evaluate first operand 1 and discards the result then evaluate the second operand 2 and discard the result then evaluate the third operand 3 and return its value which is 3. and then 5, 6; will be discarded after evaluating them because they don't produce any side effects. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! For example: int five_divided_by_x = ( x != 0 ? It takes in a binary condition as input, which makes it similar to an 'if-else' control flow block. The arguments are as follow: An odd number is an integer that is not exactly divisible by 2. In C#, we have a special decision-making operator called ternary operator which is similar to if-else. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. A ternary operator evaluates the test condition and executes a block of code based on the result of the condition. Conflicting manual instructions? Never let someone convince you that UB is okay or safe because it seems to work on their system. float simply isn't something integral what is expected by %d. However, he learned that the different possible outcomes of the ternary operator must be of same type! Use %f. If "expression-1" is evaluated to Boolean true, then expression-2 is evaluated and its value is returned as a final result otherwise expression-3 … C/C++ Ternary Operator. With the code in the question and my normal, default compiler options, I get (source code in top67.c): I'd get more errors from the code shown in this answer. Following is the syntax of C Ternary Operator. 19, Sep 18. vector::operator= and vector::operator[ ] in C++ STL. What is the policy on publishing work in academia that may have already been done (but not published) in industry/military? :) is the only ternary operator in C language. According to operator precedence, 2<5 will be evaluated first (will give output 1). Ternary operator or logical operator . A ternary operator in C is a conditional operator which is used in making various decisions. Published by chrisname. The : of the ternary operator has a grouping effect on the code between the ? Undefined behavior is undefined for a reason. It takes three operands and is used to evaluate one of the two alternative expressions depending on the outcome of a test expression. When does, You may what to use code blocks or inline code format (back ticks ` ` around your code) to make the answer easier to read, meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/334822/…, Podcast 302: Programming in PowerPoint can teach you a few things, Divide a number by 3 without using *, /, +, -, % operators, Concept behind these four lines of tricky C code. Expressions E1, E2 and E3 each have a type (and the types of E2 and E3 can be different). Why this program is giving unexpected numbers(ex: 2040866504, -786655336)? In this article, we’ll take a look at understanding the ternary operator in C / C++. This operator returns one of two values depending on the result of an expression. : operator returns one of two values depending on the result of an expression. Why was there a "point of no return" in the Chernobyl series that ended in the meltdown? It's kind of puzzling that if you use scanf to parse the test variable from user input it works, even when the same printf line is used... @MarkRansom: It most definitely does matter. Perhaps something completely different is happening. No matter what the value of test is, the compiler deduced that the result will be of type float. How can you determine the result of a load-balancing hashing algorithm (such as ECMP/LAG) for troubleshooting? link brightness_4 code. play_arrow. Could all participants of the recent Capitol invasion be charged over the death of Officer Brian D. Sicknick? The type situation is: the test fails, and so the int value 0 is converted to the float value 0.0. It evaluates a condition and after that chooses one of its two branches to execute, depending upon the result of condition. Book about a female protagonist travelling through space with alien creatures called the Leviathan, Aspects for choosing a bike to ride across Europe. The returned value is the result of the expression when the code is executed. This is a useful option for programmers, to avoid cluttering the code with nested if-else conditions. Although the existing upvoted answers are correct, I think they are far too technical and ignore the logic a beginner programmer might have: Let's look at the statement causing confusion in some heads: What the compiler sees is a bit different. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. PRO LT Handlebar Stem asks to tighten top handlebar screws first before bottom screws? @Tonmoy "implicit typecast" is an oxymoron, typecasts are explicit by definition. Quite possibly, the 64 bit double argument value forces 8 byte alignment when it is put onto the stack, possibly moving the stack pointer by four bytes. symbol. Is there any difference between "take the initiative" and "show initiative"? The line of code containing the ternary operator is intricate and intriguing. You told printf to look for an integer, so it's looking in the register integers are passed in (or on the stack). When you compile this code, compiler should give you a warning: This warning is self explanatory that this line of code is invoking an undefined behavior. (1, 2, 3) : 2), in this case it will evaluate else condition and return its value which is 2. also 5, 6; will be discarded after evaluating them because they don't produce any side effects. Where does the law of conservation of momentum apply? Barrel Adjuster Strategy - What's the best way to use barrel adjusters? If there are more than two operands, the last expression will be returned. But you passed it a float, so the zero was placed in the floating point register that printf never looked at. Even or Odd Number without using Modular Division: C Program. Exactly that happened. 25, Nov 10. Ternary operator … Therefore, final output is 30. The ternary operator is an operator that takes three arguments. In computer programming, ? :. The ternary operator uses 3 operands. The only thing missing from this answer is why the parameter was floating point in the first place. im compiling in gcc..and my system is 64bit. @MarkRansom: Your test gives the result you (wrongly) expect because you're running it on an implementation where argument-passing for floating point and integer arguments uses the same storage and where the representation of. But even that isn't done (apart from a, @MarkRansom: Your idea of "should" is wrong. Furthermore, the whole expression E1 ? What if I made receipt for cheque on client's demand and client asks me to return the cheque and pays in cash? The controlling condition of the ternary operator must evaluate to boolean, either true or false . 1 != 2< 5 ? Please state whether this is homework and whether you would appreciate help according to the compromise described here: @Alan: Do you want to check what happens if you invert the condition? If E2 and E3 have the same type, then this is easy: the overall expression has that type. The ternary operator takes a minimum of three arguments. In exp3, this is also form of ternary operator. It is also called as conditional operator. What is the concept behind this? Why it is printing unexpected numbers instead of 0? In the C and C++ programming languages, the comma operator It can't sometimes be an integer and sometimes be a float. The first argument is a comparison argument, the second is the result upon a true comparison, and the third is the result upon a false comparison. Most users here do not take kindly to being asked to do other peoples (home)work. if condition is true, expression1 is executed. So then, why isn't a 32 bit portion of this all-bits-zero treated by printf as the int value 0? It also has subtle but crucial asymmetries in the way it is interpreted that are far from obvious when it is written as shown in the question. How many things can a person hold and use at one time? These kinds of things can be impossible to predict and very difficult to understand without lots of experience and knowledge of platform and compiler details. If they are not convertible, the compiler will throw an error. In the Euclidean plane with points a, b, c referred to an origin, the ternary operation [,,] = − + has been used to define free vectors. Ternary Operator in C The ternary operator is used to execute code based on the result of a binary condition. Why overriding both the global new operator and the class-specific operator … then compiler expects integer data type before and after : token, if we are using unsigned integer data type, it will convert it to signed integer data type. It also, however, returns a value, behaving similar to a function. That is what is happening in your program. The proofs of limit laws and derivative rules appear to tacitly assume that the limit exists in the first place, MacBook in bed: M1 Air vs. M1 Pro with fans disabled, Zombies but they don't bite cause that's stupid. The ternary operator compares two values and based on it, returns a value. The syntax for the conditional operator is as follows: condition ? Sometimes it does what you expect, sometimes it does what I expect. So in fact the double value 0.0 is being passed to printf where it expects int. at the end the output of program will be 2. value of c = expect integer expression before : token, value of c = expect integer expression after : token, if c is integer type and we are using ternary operator ? The line of code containing the ternary operator is intricate and intriguing. exp2 : exp3) Now, exp1 will be evaluated. This is because, the conversion specification %d specifies that printf is to convert an int value from binary to a string of decimal digits, while %f does the same for a float value. On passing the fvalue compiler know that it is of float type but on the other hand it sees that printf expects an argument of type int. From here on, we can apply platform-specific reasoning why we don't just see 0. An even number is an integer that is exactly divisible by 2. It also has subtle but crucial asymmetries in the way it is interpreted that are far from obvious when it is written as shown in the question. An expression a ? Perhaps something completely different is happening. (some condition to check) ? Note that to get this code to compile, I had to discard my default compiler options. That would not be regarded as good code for general use, but the technique can be useful in a macro — very occasionally it can be useful in a macro. The ternary operator has a return type. The conditional operator ? see the following codes. The Conditional (or Ternary) Operator (? When a microwave oven stops, why are unpopped kernels very hot and popped kernels not hot? C++ | Nested Ternary Operator. Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career. (if condition is true) : (if condition is false); /* if (some condition to check) { //if condition is true }else { //if condition is fasle } */ This Ternary Operator in c program allows the user to enter his or her age and assign the user entered integer value to age variable. at the end the output of program will be 3. but if we consider a < b at condition (c = a < b ? In such cases, sometimes it does what you expect, sometimes it does what I expect. how to fix a non-existent executable path causing "ubuntu internal error"? Zombies but they don't bite cause that's stupid, Why do massive stars not undergo a helium flash. We can express this in a meta-notation like this: If they don't have the same type, things get somewhat interesting, and the situation is quite similar to E2 and E3 being involved together in an arithmetic operation. and why would you write like a code like that? site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Now printf isn't type safe. From many different types of operators, one which is widely used by the programmers is the ternary operator in C programming language. Those could be different sizes, stored in different places, and so on, which would make it impossible to generate sane code to handle both possible result types. C/C++ Ternary Operator - Some Interesting Observations. When a float is passed as one of the trailing arguments to a variadic function, it is converted to double. (represented by the token ,) is a binary operator that evaluates its So, exp3 will be evaluated. This operator allows us to replace multiple if-else statements into a simple line of code. 09, Jan 18. deque::operator= and deque::operator[] in C++ STL. should it supposed to do implicit typecast? 15, Oct 18. In any case, it is undefined behavior: it is nonportable code for which the ISO standard definition of the C language doesn't offer a meaning. In this C programming language video tutorial / lecture for beginners video series, you will learn about ternary operators in detail with example. Nested Ternary Operators So far we have introduced the ternary operator in C# to deal with various kinds of simple and complex conditions. When we have the expression E1 ? By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The ternary operator (? Question 3. filter_none . 09, Jan 18 . Can you legally move a dead body to preserve it as evidence? From the above syntax, they are condition, value_1 and value_2. (I did not downvote. :, also known as the ternary conditional operator, evaluates a Boolean expression and returns the result of one of the two expressions, depending on whether the Boolean expression evaluates to true or false. Syntax of Ternary Operators in C Here is the syntax of ternary operator along with its if else equivalent code. consequent : alternative